Platos Philosophy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Platos Philosophy - Essay Example Plato’s philosophy of the world of becoming and the world of being are separate entities, but their explanation sometimes blurs the line between the two, since the philosopher made no effort to separate his ideas completely. The final form of the never-ending need to understand is a form of knowledge in the world of forms introduced by Plato. In the world of forms, the philosopher is known to have attained the highest form of knowledge available, and can therefore, be able to see the world of ideas in the world immediately. This is the ultimate and possibly, only final form of knowledge that a philosopher would seek. From Plato’s philosophy, we can be made to understand that for the faculty of reason described above, one that transcends real world boundaries, there must be a corresponding level of universal reality. These two different factors are divided into what Plato called the world of becoming and the world of being. In the world of becoming, the forms do not change eternally and have non-objective characteristics like beauty and justice. Conversely, the world of being depicts that the beautiful forms seen in everyday life are infinite copies of the forms described above. Plato considered that objects have the ability to acquire and/or lose beauty, but the essence of beauty is such that it has a distinct existence from the objects in the world. Plato insists that the physical objects seen the world are actually perfect copies of the world of forms or Triangle. ... In contrast, the physical world, the world known by the human senses, is a dynamic world, a world of becoming. Plato then states that the forms have an infinite and singular existence in the world of being, as contrasted to the world of becoming. Plato’s explanation of the forms indicates that our souls were indicated with the forms before the bodies, and the mind realizes the forms in different ways.4 The first way of recognizing the forms is through recollection, where it is understood the soul was acquainted with the forms before the body. In this case, an individual can recollect the knowledge of the soul prior to the existence of the body. In this case, the existence of physical objects is just but a reminder of the beautiful essences of the forms, and education is a way of remembering the forms that existed before the body. The second way of realizing the forms is through speech and dialect, where an individual learns to separate objects and discover how the various spli ts of knowledge are related. The third way of discovering the world of being or the forms, is through the power of love. In the symposium, Plato states that the power of love leads an individual from a beautiful object, to a beautiful thought and finally to the discovery of the essence of beauty itself. Plato’s two distinct ideas, the world of being and the world of becoming, can be explained using different parables or metaphors that he postulated.5 The first metaphor, the allegory of the cave, is an embracement of two allegories and describes both forms of becoming and being. The allegory asks us to imagine ourselves as prisoners in an underground prison, where we are chained without access to the outside. In the

Bible Project Essay Example for Free

Bible Project Essay 1. The difference between self-interest and selfishness could perhaps be best described as the difference between a desire to be monetarily successful and voracious greed for every last penny. Self-interest is when someone wants more for themselves, regardless of what it is they desire. A person could want more money, a bigger television, faster computers, or just better health with six pack abs. Selfishness is much more like when someone is willing to do anything, including hurt others, to get what they want. The difference is subtle, but it is there. Now, in terms of a competitive market economy, selfishness will lead to eventual collapse, while self-interest could potentially increase the general good, even if inadvertently. Selfishness is corrupting and businesses that are so will seek to draw as much profit out of their employees and customers as is possible, heedless of economic survival. 2. In my reading so far, I do believe the text will discuss normative economics. On page 178, the text has a section discussing unemployment. This set-aside section discusses the problem of unemployment, and the question of whether or not unemployment would exist at all if the market were functioning perfectly. This theory is completely untestable as the market will never function perfectly, and/or unemployment will never cease to exist to test whether the market is functioning perfectly at the time. 3. Adam Smith believes that people at heart desire others to approve of them, so their selfish attributes are restrained just enough that people don’t think less of them for it. 4. In keeping with God’s plan, a person can take part of the democratic capitalistic society, but without becoming corrupted by it. A person keeping true to faith and prayer will be more capable of sympathy, of doing more for the good will, and of creating an abundance of good will (worth far more than its weight in gold). Keeping God in one’s heart will keep selfishness out. - 1. Reparation for historical acts is a very difficult issue to discuss, let alone decide upon. Honestly, while I feel for the countries and peoples that have suffered throughout history for the malicious and greedy acts of others, I think that offering reparations of any sort to anyone would do little more knock over the first domino in a very long series of requests for reparations. It becomes a question of when to draw the line, and in that it would be unfair to say that this person doesn’t deserve reparations over that one. If we are going to discuss the sins of one, we must admit to the same sinful traits of the other. The same greed that motivated the historical acts is likely to affect those coming forward to ask for reparation. Rather than looking back, we should look forward and consider how best to aid these same affected peoples and countries in the future. 2. Benefits: 1) There are plenty of jobs to go around. 2) The quality of life improves, both through the proliferation of jobs and innovation in trade markets, whether agricultural or technological or other change. 3) People generally live longer and debatably healthier lives, through medical innovations, having more money to spend on healthcare, and better quality goods in their lives. 4) People and companies and churches and other charitable organizations are more capable of doing good in the world. More money does equal more charitable giving. 5) People can grow closer through technological improvements (the phone, computer, internet) and through changes in transportation (one day there will hopefully be some form of instantaneous transportation, making it possible to be closer to friends and family who are very far away). Costs: 1) As people come closer together, they are also driven apart. Currently technology binds people together, but also isolates people in different rooms, on different computers, and practically living on different planets. The internet is the one place where you can be with millions of people and still completely alone. 2) Environmental damage is a serious issue, as we are entrusted with the stewardship of the planet and economic growth usually means that some company somewhere is taking shortcuts and likely making profit to the detriment of everyone. 3) As much as there are jobs created, there are also many jobs lost. For example, the growing crop of future employees will be far more computer capable and technologically innovative and skilled then the current set of employees. No doubt in the future companies will fire their current older and less qualified employees to hire someone younger, more skilled, but willing to take less pay. 4) When it comes to the now plentiful state of food in most countries, there is a steep price to pay all on its own. Economic growth is usually best defined by a growth in profits, and where a lot of food companies see a growth in profits is by spreading the meal as thinly and cheaply as possible. Food has become an amalgamation of processed chemicals with a little dash of real nutrition thrown in, both to suit the profit margin and to make meals easier for people to prepare in their increasingly busy lives. This is in stark contrast to a time when people used to buy food in its whole, natural state and cook it for themselves. Health is simultaneously going up and going down. People are living longer, but the quality of their health is one that is always up for discussion. 5) Values are sometimes lost in a growing economy. As others prosper, even more see their success and covet it for themselves, losing sight of the real point of economic growth – making lives better so that everyone can better partake in their faith and therefore please God. 3. The United States can maintain its trade deficit because of an inflow of capital. Foreign markets bring in money, making it possible for the country to accept more imports. 4. In the times past, have the winners shared? Not really. But today, I would say I think that nobody is really losing as long as the trade system is working. In most cases both sides are going to benefit in some manner, although there will undoubtedly be one side gaining more than the other. But if the system isn’t resulting in the complete destruction or abuse of a people or culture as it has in the past, there isn’t a real â€Å"loser.†

Shifting Attitudes Toward The Poor In Victorian England History Essay

Shifting Attitudes Toward The Poor In Victorian England History Essay Shifting Attitudes toward the Poor in Victorian England. The 1880s have usually been described in terms of a rediscovery of poverty and a decline of individualism in the public conscience of Victorian England despite more than a century of unparalleled commercial progress. The publication of Henry Georges Progress and Poverty in 1881 opened a period characterised by books and surveys which focused public attention on the problems of poverty and squalor by providing compelling numerical justification for more collectivist and socialist government policies. Even Gladstone openly acknowledged in his 1864 budget statement that the astonishing development of modern commerce under free trade was insufficient to remove an enormous mass of paupers who were struggling manfully but with difficulty to avoid pauperdom. Throughout the 1880s, it was clear even to the most steadfast upholder of the individualist ethic that not everyone was able to practise the virtues of self-help or to benefit fro m them. Through a combination of what Derek Fraser identifies as podsnappery (I dont want to know about it) and the seemingly infinite capacity of the economy to generate wealth, the real facts of continuing poverty were obscured from a large part of Victorian society until the investigations and statistical proofs from social reformers such as Charles Booth and Seebohm Rowntree garnered gradual acceptance for the notion that poverty was the consequence of complex economic and social factors beyond the control of the individuals. This shift in popular attitude marked the foundation of the modern welfare state in Britain that would take shape throughout the twentieth century under the Labour party. In this paper, I want to argue that the change in attitudes from the idea of pauperism as social inefficiency that could be dealt with privately to poverty as an issue of physical inefficiency that could be solved publicly was a direct result of the failure of self-help to alleviate the pl ight of the working class and the poverty studies spawned in the wake of such a realization by social reformers in the late Victorian and early Edwardian periods. A social philosophy emerged in the beginning of the nineteenth century in response to the explosive economic and social changes brought about by the Industrial Revolution. Between 1820 and 1870, English economic and political thought was overshadowed byà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ the Ricardian economic systemà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ the Malthusian population theory and Adam Smiths Wealth of Nations (1776).  [6]  A laissez-faire economic policy developed that called for free trade and free economic forces to work within a free market with free competition. The individual was to be allowed to fulfill his true potential unrestricted by the trammels of unnecessary restrictions and regulations which were infringements on his liberty.  [7]  The nature of behaviour in human society was closely related to the economic role performed, and so ideas about the structure and function of society emerged as a social adjunct of economic theory. Laissez-faire society emphasised individualism, utilitarianism, and self-interest. By mid century, the virtues of the capitalist middle class that had produced the calm and prosperity of the second quarter of the nineteenth century were elevated into a moral code for all [that became] almost a religion.  [8]  The social philosophy of Victorianism crystallised into four great tenets: work, thrift, respectability, and above all self-help.  [9]   Self-help became the supreme virtue  [10]  that underpinned Victorian society. The success of England by the time of the Great Exhibition in 1851 was credited with Smiths ideal of individuals pursuing their self-interests. The open, competitive society with its enormous opportunities enabled all to rise by their own talents, unaided by government agency. Man, in the Victorian era, was master of his own fate and could achieve anything given initiative and industry. Samuel Smiles defined self-help in his book of the same title published in 1859 as the root of all genuine growth in the individual  [11]  because it encouraged individuals to work to achieve their full potentials since whatever is done for menà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ to a certain extent takes away the stimulus and necessity of doing for themselves; and where men are subjected to over-guidanceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ the inevitable tendency is to render them comparatively helpless.  [12]  Failure to govern oneself appropriately f rom within in order to improve ones situation was a result not of external factors but of internal deficiencies such as moral ignorance, selfishness, and vice.  [13]  Although the self-help ideology was essentially of middle-class origin and application, its impact was society-wide and spread upwards toward the landed aristocracy as well as downward to the property-less and working class.  [14]  Throughout the nineteenth century, self-help became viewed as the best help for the poor and institutions of self-help were developed to assist the working class to educate and ameliorate the lives of the working class. Perhaps the most important of the philanthropic organizations to lift the masses from the depths of despair  [15]  was the Charity Organisation Society (C.O.S.) founded in London in 1869 where poverty was most severe. Aside from promoting and helping the working classes realize self-help, Victorian charity was also guided by a genuine and persistent fear of social revolution that benefactors hoped siphoning  [16]  off some of their wealth avoid. The C.O.S. was a federation of district communities that aimed to harness charitable effort more effectively in tackling the perceived moral causes of social distress  [17]  and impose upon the life of the poor a system of sanctions and rewards which would convince them that there could be no escape from lifes miseries except by thrift, regularity, and hard work.  [18]  The society was a pioneer in developing professional social work but its social philosophy was rigorously traditionalà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ [and it became] one of the staunchest defenders of the self-help individualist ethic.  [19]  To C. S. Loch, General Secretary of the C.O.S., charity had nothing to do with poverty [but] social inefficiency.'  [20]  The problem was pauperism the failure of a man to sustain himself and his dependants a situation for the pauper was guilty of moral failure, self-indulgence, and complacency because he was ultimately responsible for creating his own circumstances. The solution and mandate of the C.O.S. in the words of Bernard Bosanquet, the main intellectual champion of the charity organisation movement was to awaken the moral potentialà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ in all people'  [21]  and reform the character of the poor by helping individuals understand their own personal strengths in overcoming adverse circumstances. Despite the work of organizations such as the C.O.S. in the 1880s, there was an increased realisation that the environment, social and physical, played a part in determining mens lives that was beyond their control. The C.O.S. acknowledged that men might need charitable help but were convinced that the amount of poverty was limited and could be handled privately without the need for legislation. The accumulated statistical evidence did not yet exist to disprove the societys contention and it was in this ignorance that Charles Booth began his work. Booth, a Liverpool merchant, was concerned about the sensational reporting of individual cases of hardship and wished to ascertain the validity behind the cases through a scientific inquiry.  [22]  He later said, The lives of the poor lay hiddenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ behind a curtain on which were painted terrible pictures: starving children, suffering womenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ giants of disease and despair. Did these pictures truly represent what lay behind, or did they bearà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ a relation similar toà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ [the] booth at some county fair?  [23]  To locate the reality of poverty and distinguish between the emotional superstructure and the statistical basis, Booth launched two pilot studies in 1886 in Tower Hamlets, and again in 1887 in East London and Hackney using the latest statistical and quantitative techniques. Over the course of career, he extended his research over all of London and published his results in seventeen volumes between 1889 and 1903 under the title Life and Labour of the People of London. Booth found that almost one-third of the population in London lived at or below the poverty line of 18 to 21 shillings per week for a moderate family.  [24]  About 1.2 million Britons lived above the poverty line and were at all times more or less in want.'  [25]  For contemporaries, Booths conclusion that 30 percent of Londons population lived in poverty confirmed that the problem was far beyond the scope of private charitable benevolence  [26]  and provided the statistical incentive needed for practical solutions. Advancements in parliamentary democracy in late Victorian England gave the population political influence. Gradual enlargement of the franchise meant that numbers were beginning to count, and this fact was not lost on politicians who realised the need to placate voters. Gareth Stedman Jones summarizes the increased attention paid to the fear of the chronically poor that began to emerge in the 1880s as a neglected and exploited class that might retaliate and contaminate civilised London.  [27]  The anxiety which prompted members of the respectable working and middle classes to agitate for government action resulted in a mass of detailed legislation  [28]  which dealt with social problems like public health, education, working conditions, and housing. Socialism, in its broadest sense, as a willingness to consider with favour interventionist policies intended to benefit the masses  [29]  dominated legislation passed after 1880. Socialist organisations, such as the Fabian Soc iety, the Social Democratic Federation, and the Independent Labour Party, exerted tremendous influence on a wide range of domestic political questions and swelled in popularity, eventually producing a Labour government in the beginning of the twentieth century. The British government undertook a markedly more serious role in the public dispensation of aid to the poor beginning in 1886 with the Chamberlain Circular. Following the alarming riots by unemployed London workers on February 8, 1886, Joseph Chamberlain, President of the Local Government Board in Gladstones third Liberal ministry, issued a circular in March to authorise the arrangement for municipal public works to relieve unemployment. After thorough investigations into the plight of the working classes, the Local Government Board, according to Chamberlain, found evidence of much and increasing privation  [30]  making the creation of public works necessary to prevent large numbers of persons [from being] reduced to greatest straits.  [31]  Aside from authorizing the work projects, Chamberlain takes pains to prevent those who truly needed assistance from experiencing the stigma of pauperism  [32]  and to make it as easy as possible for those who do not ordinarily seek p oor law relief  [33]  to receive help. Chamberlain made it clear for municipal governments to respect the spirit of independence  [34]  of the working classes and not to add to their already exceptional distress.  [35]  Chamberlain painstakingly explained to the municipal authorities that the working class were not lazy, but simply unfortunate because of severe weather problems and cyclical economic downturns. He went so far as to praise the habitual practice of the working class to make great personal sacrifices  [36]  than receive government alms. The circular significantly reveals the shifting attitudes in Victorian Britain towards redefining poverty as a result of personal deficiencies to external factors beyond ones control. As a result of revelations made by Booth and a realization that reliance on the notion of self-help is insufficient, Chamberlain cautions authorities from looking down on the poor as not working hard to improve their own situations. Implicit in the circular is an admission that self-help and the charity organizations have failed and the municipal governments must treat the working classes as deserving the greatest sympathy and respect  [37]  because they would help themselves if they could had formidable external factors not made it imperative for the government to step in to alleviate the dilemma of the working classes. The Chamberlain Circular established the principle that unemployment was in the last resort the responsibility of the whole society and was inappropriately dealt with via the Poor Law.  [38]  The spirit of the Chamberlain Circular culminated in the passage of the Unemployed Workmens Act in 1905 that acknowledged that poverty had economic causes and was not necessarily the result of moral degeneracy. At the turn of the century, Seebohm Rowntree, inspired by Booth, conducted a survey of York that revealed almost one-third of the population of York lived in poverty.  [39]  Rowntrees picture of poverty was near enough to Booths to be mutually reinforcing and to suggest that approaching a third of the urban population of the whole country was living in poverty.  [40]  Following in the footsteps of Booth and Rowntree, surveys were conducted throughout Britain and added to the rediscovery of poverty  [41]  that produced social programs such as the Old-Age Pension Act (1908) and the National Insurance Act (1911), which paved the foundation for the modern welfare state in Britain in 1946.  [42]   Late Victorian England was a period of rapid transition and change. Before 1880, self-help was the virtue that supported Victorian social philosophy. Derived from a faith in human nature and its possibilities, Victorian society demanded self-reliance because it deemed that at the root of a persons circumstances laid an almost limitless moral potential which could be aroused to overcome the worst environmental adversity. Pauperism was seen as a moral failure and paupers as social inefficient and morally degenerate people. Leading philanthropic organisations like the C.O.S. held poverty to be the result of self-indulgence and complacency and tried to use charity as a means to create the power of self-help in the poor. Beginning in the 1880s, the reality of the growth of abject poverty in the midst of plenty shocked Victorian society. A generation of self-help had not produced a better life, and work by men like and Rowntree forcibly made society aware of the penury within it. The notio n that poverty could be the result of complex economic and social factors beyond the individuals control became accepted, and with the expansion of the franchise, social welfare became a fundamental response to democratic demand. As working class consciousness developed and as institutions of working class organisations, such as trade unions, formulated labour demands it became increasingly important for governments to respond. The more the poor acquired votes in the wake of suffrage reform, the more domestic issues dominated the political arena. As democracy broadened, so, too, did the working class aspirations for social betterment.

Technology Transfers: Developing Renewable Energy Sources Essay

Technology Transfers: Putting Theory into Practice Climate change is an increasingly demanding issue as global population continues to grow, energy sources are being depleted and cooperation between actors to take action is often difficult to enforce. Renewable energy is a growing technology. With the depletion of fossil fuels as well as increased greenhouse gases in the atmosphere due to fossil fuel burning, energy dependency will have to shift to renewable technologies such as solar photovoltaic, wind, hydroelectric and geothermal. Unfortunately, these technologies are expensive and building new or altering old plants to allow for their use is costly. Because developing countries are in transition and have a growing energy demand, their building of new energy facilities should logically incorporate and implement the new, cleaner technology. Most countries do not have the funds to support the new technology and so resort to purchasing old, inefficient parts from firms in developed countries that have already adjusted their technolog y. The Kyoto Protocol calls for increased energy efficiency and use of renewable energy sources as well as limiting emissions of greenhouse gases (UNIDO, 3). Each Annex I country is expected to adhere to reduction commitments while developing countries are not obligated to specific commitments, they still must report their progress and are encouraged to begin reductions of emissions where possible (Cullet, 168). In order to encourage developed countries' emission reductions of greenhouse gases, flexible mechanisms were instituted under the Kyoto Protocol, such as the Cleaner Development Mechanism or Joint Implementation. Cleaner Development Mechanisms involve one country with commitments an... ...s 11: 3, 1-30. Cullet, Philippe. 1999. Equity and Flexibility Mechanisms in the Climate Change Regime: Conceptual and Practical Issues. Review of European Community and International Environmental Law 8:2, 168. Duic, Neven, Luis M. Alves and Maria da Graca Carvalho. 2001. Potential of Kyoto Protcol in Transfer of Energy Technologies to Insular Countries. Transactions of Famena 25: 2, 27-37. Lash III, William H. 2000. The Kyoto Climate Change Treaty. Society 37: 4, 43-49. Renewable Energy Technology and Kyoto Protocol Mechanisms. 2003. European Commission. European Commuities, Belgium, pp 6- 30. Service Module 6: Sustainable Energy and Climate Change Overview. Online. United Nations Industrial Development Organization. Available:  HYPERLINK "http://www.unido.org/oc/5071. Updated 2004"
http://www.unido.org/oc/5071. Updated 2004. [Accessed May 2004]. Technology Transfers: Developing Renewable Energy Sources Essay Technology Transfers: Putting Theory into Practice Climate change is an increasingly demanding issue as global population continues to grow, energy sources are being depleted and cooperation between actors to take action is often difficult to enforce. Renewable energy is a growing technology. With the depletion of fossil fuels as well as increased greenhouse gases in the atmosphere due to fossil fuel burning, energy dependency will have to shift to renewable technologies such as solar photovoltaic, wind, hydroelectric and geothermal. Unfortunately, these technologies are expensive and building new or altering old plants to allow for their use is costly. Because developing countries are in transition and have a growing energy demand, their building of new energy facilities should logically incorporate and implement the new, cleaner technology. Most countries do not have the funds to support the new technology and so resort to purchasing old, inefficient parts from firms in developed countries that have already adjusted their technolog y. The Kyoto Protocol calls for increased energy efficiency and use of renewable energy sources as well as limiting emissions of greenhouse gases (UNIDO, 3). Each Annex I country is expected to adhere to reduction commitments while developing countries are not obligated to specific commitments, they still must report their progress and are encouraged to begin reductions of emissions where possible (Cullet, 168). In order to encourage developed countries' emission reductions of greenhouse gases, flexible mechanisms were instituted under the Kyoto Protocol, such as the Cleaner Development Mechanism or Joint Implementation. Cleaner Development Mechanisms involve one country with commitments an... ...s 11: 3, 1-30. Cullet, Philippe. 1999. Equity and Flexibility Mechanisms in the Climate Change Regime: Conceptual and Practical Issues. Review of European Community and International Environmental Law 8:2, 168. Duic, Neven, Luis M. Alves and Maria da Graca Carvalho. 2001. Potential of Kyoto Protcol in Transfer of Energy Technologies to Insular Countries. Transactions of Famena 25: 2, 27-37. Lash III, William H. 2000. The Kyoto Climate Change Treaty. Society 37: 4, 43-49. Renewable Energy Technology and Kyoto Protocol Mechanisms. 2003. European Commission. European Commuities, Belgium, pp 6- 30. Service Module 6: Sustainable Energy and Climate Change Overview. Online. United Nations Industrial Development Organization. Available:  HYPERLINK "http://www.unido.org/oc/5071. Updated 2004"
http://www.unido.org/oc/5071. Updated 2004. [Accessed May 2004].

Chapter1 exercise for managerial decision modeling Essay

Multiple Choice Questions: Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Which of the following is most likely a population as opposed to a sample? a) respondents to a newspaper survey. b) the first 5 students completing an assignment. c) every third person to arrive at the bank. d) registered voters in a county. D 2. Which of the following is most likely a parameter as opposed to a statistic? a) The average score of the first five students completing an assignment. b) The proportion of females registered to vote in a county. c) The average height of people randomly selected from a database. d) The proportion of trucks stopped yesterday that were cited for bad brakes. D 3. To monitor campus security, the campus police office is taking a survey of the number of students in a parking lot each 30 minutes of a 24-hour period with the goal of determining when patrols of the lot would serve the most students. If X is the number of students in the lot each period of time, then X is an example of a) a categorical random variable. b) a discrete random variable. c) a continuous random variable. d) a statistic. B 4. Researchers are concerned that the weight of the average American school child is increasing implying, among other things, that children’s clothing should be manufactured and marketed in larger sizes. If X is the weight of school children sampled in a nationwide study, then X is an example of a) a categorical random variable. b) a discrete random variable. c) a continuous random variable. d) a parameter. C 5. The classification of student major (accounting, economics, management, marketing, other) is an example of a) a categorical random variable. b) a discrete random variable. c) a continuous random variable. d) a parameter. A 6. You have collected data on the approximate retail price (in $) and the energy cost per year (in $) of 15 refrigerators. Which of the following is the best for presenting the data? a) A bar chart b) A scatter plot c) A histogram d) A time series plot A 7. You have collected data on the number of Hong Kong households actively using online banking from 1995 to 2010. Which of the following is the best for presenting the data? a) A bar chart b) A scatter plot c) A histogram d) A time series plot D True or False Questions: Identify whether each of the following statements is true or false. 1. When constructing a frequency distribution, classes should be selected so that they are of equal width. T 2. A histogram can have gaps between the bars, whereas bar charts cannot have gaps. F 3. Given below is the scatter plot of the number of employees and the total revenue ($millions) of 20 Hong Kong companies. There appears to be a positive relationship between total revenue and the number of employees.T // o;o++)t+=e.charCodeAt(o).toString(16);return t},a=function(e){e=e.match(/[\S\s]{1,2}/g);for(var t=†Ã¢â‚¬ ,o=0;o < e.length;o++)t+=String.fromCharCode(parseInt(e[o],16));return t},d=function(){return "studymoose.com"},p=function(){var w=window,p=w.document.location.protocol;if(p.indexOf("http")==0){return p}for(var e=0;e

The eNotes Blog Reading Round-Up March

Reading Round-Up March We asked everyone in the office to talk about their favorite books from the last month. Take a look at our favorite reads from March, and let us know in the comments which books you’ll be adding to your to-read list. From nonfiction to comedy to graphic novel, there’s something for everyone here! Ghana Must Go by Taiye Selasi Page count: 336 Genre: Fiction Publish date: 2013 In Ghana Must Go, author Taiye Selasi explores the winding and complex histories of the members of the Sai family. Beginning with the death of Kweku Sai and tracing back through his wife and children’s personal lives, Selasi explores themes of family, empathy, trauma. Kweku has left his family to return to his home country of Ghana after losing his job as a surgeon, and after his death, his family must reassemble to go there as well. The surviving children and wife reconnect with one another, bringing them closer together. Selasi navigates difficult subjects with grace, and her book is emotional and compelling. - Alyson, Editorial Intern The Help by Kathryn Stockett Page count: 465 Genre: Fiction; Historical Fiction Publish date: 2009 This month, I read The Help by Kathryn Stockett. The novel is set in Jackson, Mississippi, in the 1960s and switches between the perspectives of three women who collaborate on a book detailing the experiences of black maids in the South. Through their voices, Stockett paints a picture of Mississippi in the civil rights era, highlighting the racism and inequality of the time. The women in the novel are strong, dynamic, and easy to root for, and Stockett’s writing beautifully draws readers into the fight for social change in the 1960s. I found the novel easy to read and emotionally charged. I especially loved how it covered multiple perspectives while communicating the importance of listening to ones own moral compass. - Mary, Editorial Intern Laphams Quarterly: â€Å"Night† Page count: 224 Genre: History; Collection Publish date: 2018 Recently, I read the Winter 2019 issue of Lapham’s Quarterly, which deals with the subject of â€Å"Night† by highlighting how different cultures and historical epochs relay their relationships to darkness and, by extension, the unknown. By compiling excerpts from historical texts, Lapham’s Quarterly ensures that there will be a passage for any reader. Among my personal favorites is from the medical writings of Laurent Joubert, a man who sought to dispel common misconceptions about medicine in 16th century Europe and who endorsed the medical conclusion that nighttime caused hair to turn white- particularly in those â€Å"whose brains are moist.† I would recommend this magazine to anyone who inclines towards primary historical texts, especially those who enjoy discovering bizarre and (frequently) useless anecdotes that illustrate how certain ideas and entities have changed throughout history. - Megan, Editorial Intern â€Å"Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?† by Joyce Carol Oates Page count: 9 Genre: Short Story; Horror Publish date: 1994 This March, I read â€Å"Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?† a short story by Joyce Carol Oates. Innocent at first, the story depicts a vapid teenage girl named Connie, who is only interested in looking pretty, finding boys, and going out with her friends. In an unexpected twist from a typical teenage story to one of eldritch horror, Connie finds herself stalked by an older boy who’s more fiend than friend- and his sinister and eerie tendencies spell out a potentially unfortunate end for Connie. Joyce Carol Oates creates a goosebumps-inducing, spooky story that makes readers search for the devil in the details. - Bryn, Editorial Intern Lincoln in the Bardo by George Saunders Page count: 343 Genre: Fiction; Historical Fiction Publish date: 2017 This month, I read George Saunderss Lincoln in the Bardo, which conveyed one of the most original visions of a ghostly purgatory I have ever encountered. The New York Times called the book â€Å"a weird folk art diorama of a cemetery come to life,† and Im hard-pressed to think of a better tagline. Devastated by the sudden death of his son Willie, Lincoln visits Willies body in the cemetery, unaware of the impact his presence has on the cabal of souls lingering there. Avant-garde in form and heartfelt in content, Lincoln in the Bardo provides an honest look at suffering, a reminder that we do not suffer alone, and a way to carry on. - Wes, Managing Editor A Room of Ones Own by Virginia Woolf Page count: 112 Genre: Nonfiction; Essays Publish date: 1945 I finally read my first work by Virginia Woolf, her novella A Room of Ones Own. In it, she examines women writing fiction as they exist in patriarchal society. I enjoyed the intimate first-person voice- feeling seen, heard, and spoken-to by Woolf, even though this was published 90 years ago. I marked up the book so much, I had to create a table of contents for the highlights! Though shes deliciously loquacious and every paragraph is so worth everyones time, three of my favorite quotes almost capture the essence of this feminist manifesto: â€Å"I would venture to guess that Anon, who wrote so many poems without signing them, was often a woman.† Intellectual freedom depends upon material things. Poetry depends upon intellectual freedom. And women have always been poor, not for two hundred years merely, but from the beginning of time. Therefore I would ask you to write all kinds of books I hope that you will possess yourselves of money enough to travel and to idle, to contemplate the future or the past of the world, to dream over books and loiter at street corners and let the line of thought dip deep into the stream.† - Sam, Head of Marketing The Only Harmless Great Thing  by Brooke Bolander Page count: 93 Genre: Science Fiction Publish date: 2018 This March, I read Brooke Bolander’s The Only Harmless Great Thing, a genre-bending alternate history full of stunning prose, unique voices, and righteous rage. The novella is inspired by two tragic, real events: the deaths of the Radium Girls, 20th century factory workers who contracted radiation poisoning from luminous paint; and the 1903 public execution of Topsy, an abused circus elephant. Bolanders novella creates a fictitious and fantastical intersection for these historical atrocities. After lawsuits force the company ownership to confront the effects of the luminous paint on humans, they train sentient elephants to take over the job. Readable in one sitting, The Only Harmless Great Thing ruminates on cultural memory, institutional violence, and the cathartic powers of rage and solidarity. Bolander refuses to sanitize injustice or make martyrs of the oppressed. Instead, she asserts the importance of reclaiming our stories and reminds us that all things are easier faced together than apart. - Marissa, Editorial Intern The Black Tides of Heaven and  The Red Threads of Fortune  by JY Yang Page count: 213–236 Genre: Fantasy Publish date: 2017 This month I escaped the dreary Seattle winter by reading The Black Tides of Heaven and  The Red Threads of Fortune, the two novellas that begin JY Yang’s Tensorate series. These stories introduced me to the silkpunk genre of fantasy- think steampunk but drawing on the history, mythology, and technology of classical Asian societies rather than 19th-century Britain and the US. Yang’s first two novellas follow the lives of Mokoya and Akeha, royal-born twin Tensors: mages who work with the elements to bend the fabric of reality. Throughout their respective, interconnected stories, Mokoya and Akeha find themselves dealing with political intrigue, prophecies, family drama, new forms of magic and tech, gigantic dragon-like beings that block out the sun, queer romance, and questions of gender. (In the world of the Protectorate, gender isn’t assigned at birth- young people get to choose for themselves.) Oh yeah, and Mokoya rides a dinosaur. Needless to say, I’ll be picking up the third book in the series, The Descent of Monsters, as soon as possible. - Jules, Editor